Nearly three weeks into the war, the number of Ukrainians fleeing abroad approached 3 million on Tuesday, the United Nations said, as people escaped the fighting and Russian bombardment.
About 2.95 million people have so far left Ukraine, data from the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) showed. It is basing its aid plans on 4 million refugees but has said the figure will likely increase, reports Reuters.
After Sunday's Russian strike on the Yavoriv military base near Lviv, some people from western Ukraine have now joined the refugee flow across the border.
"Everybody considered West Ukraine to be quite safe until they started striking Lviv," said Zhanna, 40, a mother from Kharkiv, who was heading to Poland to reunite with her godmother who left Ukraine a few days earlier.
"We left Kharkiv for Kirovohrad," she said at the train station of Przemysl, the nearest town to Poland's busiest border crossing with Ukraine. "We wanted to stay there. We did not want to go abroad."
"Then they started striking Kirovohrad, they started striking Lviv and it is complicated to avoid bombs with a small child," she said, adding that her husband had stayed in Ukraine.
In Romania, Ukrainian women and children, some clutching teddy bears, continued to stream through the Siret border crossing where temperatures dropped to -2 degrees Celsius (28 degrees Fahrenheit) overnight.
Pulling suitcases and carrying backpacks, they were met by Romanian firefighters and volunteers, who carried their belongings to buses transporting them onwards.
Further south at Isaccea, a busy border crossing on the Danube, Tanya, from Mykolaiv in southern Ukraine, said she was fleeing to save her child's life.
"On the way here I cried because I love my country. I want to live in Ukraine but I can't. Because they are destroying everything now," she said, fighting back tears
Russia denies targeting civilians, describing its actions as a "special military operation" to demilitarise and "denazify" Ukraine. Ukraine and Western allies call this a baseless pretext for Russia's invasion of a democratic country of 44 million.
'WE WANT TO GO HOME'
In Moldova, one of Europe's poorest countries, some refugees were returning home to Ukraine, either to fetch more belongings or hoping to return for good.
Liudmila, who did not give her last name, was going back to Ukraine to fetch school supplies for her children in Chisinau, Moldova's capital.
"On Monday they began learning online and that's why I should take some things for them - books, for writing," she said.
The UNHCR says those fleeing early in the conflict mostly had resources and contacts outside Ukraine, but now many of the refugees had left in a hurry and were more vulnerable.
"We see a lot of elderly people and a lot of persons with disabilities, real people who were expecting and hoping until the last moment that the situation would change," said Tatiana Chabac, an aid worker with the UNHCR.
Another woman, who did not give her name, was going back to Odessa with her toddler. "We want to go home," she said as she crossed the border into Ukraine.