The Trump administration is reinstating all US sanctions on Iran that were removed under the 2015 nuclear deal.
The White House said it was "the toughest sanctions regime ever imposed on Iran" and targeted Iran's energy, shipping and banking sectors.
However, eight countries will not be penalised by the US for continuing to import Iranian oil, according to BBC.
President Donald Trump withdrew from the deal in May, describing it as "defective at its core".
The US has been gradually re-imposing sanctions since it unilaterally withdrew from the agreement, but analysts say this move is the most important because it targets the core sectors of Iran's economy.
An Iranian foreign ministry spokesman, according to Reuters, said Iran was unconcerned at the return of sanctions.
The agreement saw Iran limit its controversial nuclear activities in exchange for sanctions relief.
Barack Obama, the US president at the time, had argued the deal would prevent Iran from developing nuclear arms.
The UK, France, Germany, Russia and China were also parties to the 2015 accord and have stuck to it, saying they will set up a new payment system to maintain business with Iran and bypass US sanctions.
Mr Trump argues that the terms of the deal are unacceptable and it has not stopped Iran developing a ballistic missile programme and intervening in neighbouring countries, including Syria and Yemen.
Iran has accused Mr Trump of waging "psychological warfare".