A Mexican nurse became the first person in Latin America to receive a coronavirus jab when her country began its vaccination programme on Thursday.
Mexico has received an initial shipment of 3,000 doses of the US-German Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine.
The country has one of the highest pandemic death tolls in the world, behind only the US, Brazil and India, reports the BBC.
A short time later on Thursday, Chile and Costa Rica also began administering Pfizer-BioNTech.
Argentina also plans to start inoculations in the next few days but has chosen the Russian-produced vaccine Sputnik V for its initial phase, with a delivery of 300,000 doses arriving in the capital Buenos Aires on Thursday morning.
Brazil, which has recorded the highest number of deaths in the region, is not due to start until mid-February despite a recent surge in the number of cases.
President Jair Bolsonaro says he is not planning to be inoculated. He believes he has developed immunity against coronavirus as he tested positive earlier this year.
'We have to move on'
In Mexico, María Irene Ramirez, 59, the head of the intensive care unit at Ruben Leñero Hospital in Mexico City, was the first to volunteer to be vaccinated.
"We are afraid, but we have to move on... and I want to stay in the line of fire," she said afterwards, according to El Universal newspaper.
The first 3,000 doses - of 34 million purchased - arrived in Mexico on Wednesday from Belgium, where they are being manufactured.
Footage of the launch was broadcast during President Andrés Manuel López Obrador's televised morning news conference.
The Mexican government says it wants to vaccinate all health workers fighting the pandemic by the end of the first quarter of 2021.
The country has recorded more than 1.3 million infections so far, with at least 121,000 Covid-related deaths, according to Johns Hopkins university.
Chile has had nearly 600,000 confirmed cases and more than 16,300 deaths; Costa Rica - nearly 163,000 cases and over 2,000 deaths; and Argentina - nearly 1.6 million cases and more than 42,300 deaths.
Chile's President, Sebastian Piñera, described the start of his country's national coronavirus immunisation programme as a moment of hope and excitement.
Why is Argentina getting a Russian vaccine?
Argentina's health authorities earlier this week had given Russia's Sputnik V vaccine "emergency" authorisation - the first Latin American nation to do so.
On Thursday, the first 300,000 doses were flown in from Moscow to Buenos Aires.
Argentine President Alberto Fernández has pledged to get a Sputnik V jab to prove the vaccine is safe after criticism in the West and in Russia itself that it was registered even before large-scale clinical trials.
"There was some scepticism, but as we always say we do not want to get entangled in any type of discussion other than preserving the health of Argentines," said cabinet minister Santiago Cafiero.
Russia has rejected the criticism, accusing the West of attempting to get rid of a rival on the world's lucrative vaccine market.
Argentina has so far reported more than 1.5 million infections, with more than 42,000 deaths.