US President Donald Trump’s plan to slap hefty tariffs on steel and aluminium imports will likely make Southeast Asia the new hunting ground for global exporters seeking buyers, creating a glut that could depress prices and prompt some producers to close.
More of China’s steel may find its way into developing countries such as the Philippines and Vietnam, but it could face competition from Russia, Ukraine and Turkey, industry officials and traders said.
Chinese aluminium exporters, which may take a similar tack, could clash with producers in South Korea and Thailand.
Trump said the duties, 25 per cent on steel imports and 10 per cent on aluminium, would be formally announced next week, and believes they will protect American jobs, reports Reuters.
Fears of a global trade war dragged down Asian equities with shares of Asian steel producers supplying the US market hit hard.
South Korea is the third-biggest steel supplier to the United States after Canada and Brazil and would be the hardest hit by the tariffs. Other Asian suppliers are Japan, Taiwan and India.
China, the world’s biggest steel producer, accounted for only about 2.9 per cent of US steel imports, data compiled by Wood Mackenzie showed. The world’s top steel-buying nation, the United States imported a total 35.6 million tonnes last year.
Some of those Chinese products meant for the US would go to Southeast Asia, said Roberto Cola, vice president of the ASEAN Iron and Steel Council.
“There will be excess supply in the region and prices will drop, which will be good for consumers,” Cola said.
With some of the world’s fastest-growing economies including the Philippines and Vietnam, Southeast Asian countries are among the world’s major steel buyers with many of them having limited and costly domestic steelmaking capacity.
Southeast Asia accounted for about a quarter of China’s steel exports in 2017, Cola said.
As prices drop, China will face competition from other suppliers such as Russia, Ukraine, the Middle East and Turkey, said CRU analyst Richard Lu.
But strong domestic demand may help China absorb the excess steel, Lu said. Chinese steel shipments have dropped since hitting a record 112.4 million tonnes in 2015.
Japan and China are two of the biggest Asian exporters of aluminium to the US, accounting for 11 per cent and 14 per cent of those countries’ total shipments.
As Chinese aluminium producers look for new export markets, they could offer competition to manufacturers in South Korea Indonesia, Vietnam and Thailand, while tighter margins could accelerate their plans to set up units offshore.
“We believe the fabricators are able to divert their exports to other Asian countries if the US situation plays out as they expect,” said a source at a global trading house in Shanghai.
China Hongqiao Group, the world’s biggest aluminium producer, is already looking into the possibility of moving recently shuttered illegal smelting capacity overseas, mainly to Indonesia.
But import duties on semi-manufactured aluminium products in some Asian countries could make it tougher for China to enter them, said a Singapore-based physical aluminium trader.
“China has no choice, they have to shut. But ultimately US consumers will have to bear the brunt of the price increase because the industry needs it. It’s more about politics than aluminium,” the trader said.
“I expect retaliatory moves from other countries,” said Cola from the ASEAN Iron and Steel Council.
“What Trump is doing is an unprecedented move, it’s going back to the old days of protectionism.”