More patients should be told to go home and rest rather than be given antibiotics, according to health officials.
Public Health England (PHE) says up to a fifth of antibiotic prescriptions are unnecessary as many illnesses get better on their own.
Overusing the drugs is making infections harder to treat by creating drug-resistant superbugs.
PHE says patients have "a part to play" in stopping the rise of infections.
Antibiotics are vital in cases of sepsis, pneumonia, bacterial meningitis and other severe infections.
But PHE says antibiotics are not essential for every illness.
Coughs or bronchitis can take up to three weeks to clear on their own, but antibiotics reduce that by only one to two days, it says.
Prof Paul Cosford, medical director at PHE said, "We don't often need antibiotics for common conditions.
"The majority of us will get infections from time to time and will recover because of our own immunity."
He said patients should not go to their doctor "expecting an antibiotic".
As per a BBC report, for infections that our body can handle, the advice is to:
- have plenty of rest
- use pain relief such as paracetamol
- drink plenty of fluids
Prof Cosford said: "A doctor will be able to tell you when an antibiotic is really necessary.
"The fact is if you take an antibiotic when you don't need it then you're more likely to have an infection that the antibiotics don't work for over the coming months."
The Keep Antibiotics Working campaign will also see patients handed leaflets explaining how long it normally takes to recover and the warning signs of serious illness.