India’s annual economic growth surged to a more than two-year high of 8.2 per cent in the three months through June, giving Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government a political boost in the final year of his term before elections.
Modi has been under pressure to make good his promise to deliver reforms and provide jobs to the millions of young people who enter the workforce each year as he faces a clutch of state elections this year followed by his planned re-election bid in 2019.
Data released on Friday showed manufacturing and consumer spending driving expansion, raising hopes that the rural economy was starting to turnaround.
The latest period’s annual pace beat a Reuters poll forecast of 7.6 per cent, and was the highest since India logged 9.3 per cent growth in the January-March quarter of 2016.
It easily surpassed the 6.7 per cent growth posted by China for the same quarter, and it restored India’s growth to levels posted by the Congress governments during the decade before Modi’s Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party swept to power in 2014.
“This is New India of PM Narendra Modi’s vision; with a strong, sustained momentum of growth,” Information and Broadcasting Minister Rajyavardhan Rathore said on Twitter, leading a drum beat of praise for Modi for his stewardship of the economy.
India’s $2.6 trillion economy surpassed France’s in 2017 to become the world’s sixth largest, and it was not far behind the United Kingdom, according to World Bank data.
But the GDP growth comes off a low base of 5.6 per cent for the same quarter a year ago and it relates to the period just before the annual monsoon rains which are the lifeblood of India’s economy.
So far the rains, which run from June to September, have been slightly below normal and uneven with some areas running a deficit of over 40 per cent while others are flooded.
Sustainable gains?
There are headwinds on the external sector with high oil prices putting pressure on inflation and rising trade protectionism affecting India’s export prospects.
On Friday the Indian rupee closed at a record low of 71.01 to the dollar, tracking weakness across other emerging economies as concerns mounted that the United States would impose fresh trade tariffs on China next week
Also on Friday India reported a fiscal deficit of 5.4 trillion rupees ($76.12 billion) for April-July, or 86.5 per cent of the budgeted target for the current fiscal year as the government front loaded its spending for the whole fiscal year.
Subhash Garg, the economic affairs secretary, told reporters the government will stick to the fiscal deficit target of 3.3 per cent of GDP this fiscal year. He expected the economy to grow at a pace faster than 7.5 per cent in the fiscal year.
Greater government spending has given households more money to buy consumer durables, which helped the manufacturing sector post 13.5 per cent growth in June quarter, in sharp contrast to the 1.8-per cent contraction recorded a year earlier.
Government spending grew 12.7 per cent year-on-year compared with a 1.5 per cent year-on-year growth in the March quarter.
Capital investment rebounded to 13.9 per cent from a 9.4 per cent rise in the March quarter.
On the weak side, data suggested growth in mining slowed to just 0.1 per cent compared with 2.7 per cent in the previous quarter.
“This is probably the best GDP trend we have seen in the first half of the fiscal year,” said Shashank Mendiratta, India economist at ANZ Bank.
He said that with a general election less than a year away the GDP numbers were mostly driven by public investment and higher consumption especially in the rural areas.
“We expect RBI to hike rates in March-quarter next year with no changes this year,” he said, according to Reuters news agency.
On Wednesday, India’s central bank said economic growth was expected to accelerate to 7.4 per cent in the fiscal year ending next March, bettering the 6.7 per cent posted last fiscal year, despite risks posed by higher oil prices and global trade tensions.
The Reserve Bank of India has raised its benchmark repo rate by a total of 50 basis points at its past two meetings, to 6.5 per cent, to tame inflation that has remained above its medium-term target of 4 per cent for the last nine months.
The RBI’s next policy is due on October 5.
In July, retail inflation eased to 4.17 per cent from a year earlier, but is projected to remain around 4.8 per cent in the second half of the fiscal year.