The World Bank on Wednesday said it expects energy prices to decline 11 per cent in 2023 after a 60 per cent surge in 2022, with slower global growth and continued COVID restrictions in China posing key downside risks.
The bank in its latest Commodity Markets Outlook projected a Brent crude average price of $92 a barrel in 2023, easing to $80 in 2024 but well above the five-year average of $60, reports Reuters.
It said Russia's oil exports could drop by as much as 2 million barrels per day due to a European Union embargo on Russian oil and gas products, coupled with restrictions on insurance and shipping.
A proposed Group of Seven oil price cap could also affect the flow of oil from Russia, but needed the participation of large emerging markets and developing countries to be effective, it said, calling the mechanism "untested."
The World Bank said the stronger dollar - and the shrinking value of the currencies of most developing economies - had driven up food and fuel prices that could aggravate the food insecurity already affecting 200 million people worldwide.
"The combination of elevated commodity prices and persistent currency depreciations translates into higher inflation in many countries," said Ayhan Kose, who heads the World Bank Group that produces the report.
He said emerging market and developing economies should brace for "a period of even higher volatility in global financial and commodity markets."
Currency depreciation meant that almost 60 per cent of oil-importing emerging markets and developing economies saw an increase in domestic currency oil prices from the Russia-Ukraine war, which began on Feb. 24, the report found.
Nearly 90 per cent of these economies also saw a larger increase in wheat prices in local currency terms, it said.
Food price inflation averaged more than 20 per cent in South Asia in the first three quarters of 2022, while other regions, including Latin America and the Caribbean, the Middle East and North Africa, SubSaharan Africa, and Eastern Europe and Central Asia, averaged food price inflation of between 12 per cent and 15 per cent.
While energy prices were easing, they would still be 75 per cent above their average over the past five years, the bank said.
Both natural gas and coal prices are projected to decline in 2023 from record highs in 2022, but Australian coal and U.S. natural-gas prices are still expected to double their average over the last five years by 2024. European natural gas prices could be nearly four times higher, it said.
Coal production, meanwhile, was increasing significantly, as major exporters boosted output, putting climate-change goals at risk.